1. Angioplasty (Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty - PTA)
Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs. During the procedure:
A catheter with a balloon is inserted into the affected artery.
The balloon is inflated to widen the artery, improving blood flow.
In some cases, a stent may be placed to keep the artery open and ensure long-term results.
Angioplasty is effective for treating blockages and improving symptoms of PAD without the need for open surgery.
2. Stenting
For more severe blockages or those that reoccur after angioplasty, stenting may be required. This procedure involves:
Inserting a small mesh tube (stent) into the blocked artery to help keep it open.
Stents can be used in combination with angioplasty or as a standalone treatment, ensuring better long-term blood flow and reducing the risk of future blockages.
3. Bypass Surgery
In cases where angioplasty or stenting is not feasible, bypass surgery may be necessary to bypass the blocked portion of the artery. This involves:
Creating a new pathway for blood flow by using a vein from another part of the body (autologous vein) or a synthetic graft.
The bypass graft is surgically attached above and below the blockage, allowing blood to flow around the obstruction.
Bypass surgery is particularly useful for treating severe PAD in patients who have complex blockages or multiple affected arteries.
4. Endarterectomy
Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove plaque buildup from the inside of an artery. During the procedure:
A small incision is made in the affected artery, and the plaque is carefully removed to restore blood flow.
This procedure is generally used for specific cases of PAD, particularly in larger arteries, and can help reduce symptoms and prevent further complications.
5. Laser Atherectomy
Laser atherectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to break up plaque in the arteries. The process involves:
Inserting a catheter with a laser fiber into the affected artery.
The laser energy is directed at the plaque, vaporizing it and helping to clear the artery.
Laser atherectomy can be used in combination with angioplasty or stenting to improve blood flow in patients with calcified or tough plaque.
6. Amputation Surgery (in Severe Cases)
In rare, advanced cases where PAD has caused severe tissue damage or gangrene that cannot be treated with other methods, amputation may be necessary. This is typically a last resort, and the goal is to:
Remove the affected portion of the limb to prevent the spread of infection and improve the patient’s overall health.
SHRC offers compassionate care and support throughout the process, including rehabilitation options to help patients adjust to life after amputation.
7. Sympathectomy
For patients with severe PAD and pain that doesn’t respond to other treatments, a sympathectomy may be performed. This procedure involves:
Cutting or removing the nerves that are causing pain and discomfort.
It’s often considered when other treatments haven’t provided relief and is especially useful for managing rest pain and ulcers caused by PAD.