1. Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT)
EVLT is a minimally invasive procedure that uses laser energy to treat varicose veins. During the procedure:
A small laser fiber is inserted into the affected vein via a thin catheter.
The laser emits energy that heats and seals the vein, causing it to collapse and be absorbed by the body.
EVLT is highly effective for treating larger varicose veins with minimal discomfort and a quick recovery.
2. Sclerotherapy
Sclerotherapy is a non-surgical procedure used to treat smaller varicose veins and spider veins. It involves:
Injecting a sclerosant solution directly into the vein, which irritates the vein walls, causing them to collapse and fade over time.
This procedure is highly effective for cosmetic purposes and provides significant improvement in the appearance of the veins.
3. Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
RFA is another minimally invasive treatment option for varicose veins. Similar to EVLT, RFA uses heat to close and seal the affected veins. The process involves:
Inserting a catheter into the vein, where radiofrequency energy is delivered to shrink and seal the vein.
RFA is particularly effective for larger veins, with minimal discomfort and a fast recovery time.
4. Ambulatory Phlebectomy
This procedure is used for the removal of small to medium-sized varicose veins located just under the skin. It is performed as an outpatient procedure and involves:
Making tiny incisions to remove the varicose veins using a special hook.
Ambulatory phlebectomy is ideal for veins that are not suitable for sclerotherapy or laser treatments and is effective for cosmetic improvement.
5. Vein Stripping and Ligation
Vein stripping and ligation is a more traditional surgical procedure used to treat severe varicose veins or venous insufficiency. It involves:
Making small incisions to remove the affected vein or tying it off to prevent blood from flowing through it.
Although less common today due to the availability of minimally invasive treatments, vein stripping is still used in certain cases where other methods are ineffective.
6. Venous Stenting
For patients with more advanced venous disease, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or venous obstruction, venous stenting may be used to open up blocked veins. The procedure involves:
Inserting a stent into the affected vein to keep it open and restore proper blood flow.
Venous stenting is often used in conjunction with other treatments to improve overall venous function and prevent further complications.
7. Venous Ulcer Treatment Surgery
Chronic venous insufficiency can lead to the formation of venous ulcers, which are painful, open sores that are difficult to heal. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to treat these ulcers, including:
Vein Bypass Surgery: If a significant blockage or damage is present, vein bypass surgery may be performed to redirect blood flow around the affected area, promoting healing and preventing future ulcers.
Skin Grafting: In some cases, skin grafts may be used to cover and heal large, non-healing ulcers.
8. Chronic Venous Insufficiency Surgery
Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in the legs are unable to efficiently return blood to the heart, leading to swelling, pain, and varicose veins. Surgical treatments may include:
Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT) or Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): To close off malfunctioning veins and redirect blood flow to healthier veins.
Vein Ligation and Stripping: In severe cases where other treatments are ineffective, removing or tying off damaged veins may be necessary.